Smart meters are one of the basic devices for smart grid data collection. With microprocessor applications and network communication technology as its core, it not only has the metering functions of traditional meters, but also has intelligent functions such as two-way multi-rate metering, user-side control, two-way data communication, and anti-electricity theft. Its working principle is to rely on A/D converters or metering chips to collect user current and voltage, and output relevant power information after CPU analysis and processing. Smart meters can be divided into two categories: mechatronic and fully electronic. They have the characteristics of high reliability, high accuracy, rich functions, and high cost performance. They are widely used in power settlement, distribution network status estimation, power quality monitoring and other fields.
Content
1. Data collection of smart meters
1.1 Data collection of smart meters
1.2 Optimization measures for data collection and failure of smart meters
1.3 Improve the collector device
1.4 Improve the smoothness of signals
1.5 Quality inspection of smart meters in harsh environments
2. Research on storage devices of smart meters
1. Data collection of smart meters
1.1 Data collection of smart meters
In the application performance of smart meters, data collection is characterized by high efficiency and is a key component of smart grids. Therefore, after smart meters are widely used, they can bring good impetus to power supply companies and reduce workload to a certain extent. In the process of improving the installation and use of smart meters, Zhejiang Reallin Electron Co.,Ltd actively innovates and improves smart meters, adopts a centralized meter reading system, further enhances the fault-solving ability of smart meters themselves, improves the overall work efficiency and effect of smart meters, and gradually develops in the direction of intelligence and automation to provide people with good electricity services.
1.2 Optimization measures for data collection and failure of smart meters
Through reallin's many years of cooperation experience with countries around the world, we have a set of comprehensive optimization and management methods to promote the smooth operation of each process and achieve barrier-free handover. At the same time, targeted and detailed optimization will be carried out in some aspects such as supply technology, verification and distribution, and work order processing, which fundamentally guarantees the data collection and integration effect of smart meters. At the same time, by strengthening the various functions of the collection system, especially the centralized processor, data collector and our latest research and development of smart meters and other equipment, we can prevent potential problems during use in advance to a certain extent, and can also carry out timely and effective improvement and optimization of sudden situations. Our after-sales department will also actively communicate and exchange with relevant technical personnel. Our system analyzes and judges the locations with low collection rates, and ranks them by data collection rates to improve the work efficiency and quality of meter reading staff.
1.3 Improve the collector device
During the use of smart meter equipment, it is a very important data collection tool. During the specific use period, the data collection work mainly uses pulse data. Based on the failure of the data collector, such as low collection efficiency, our system will immediately provide a solution to ensure that the power consumption information collection system operates stably, and then reasonably set various parameters to improve the use effect of smart meter equipment, effectively reduce the number of system parameter setting errors, avoid being affected by human factors, and damage the system usage status, so as to ensure the collection rate of power consumption information of smart meter equipment.
1.4 Improve the smoothness of the signal
During the data information collection period, the smoother the signal, the easier it is for the relevant personnel to collect data. However, in the actual work process, once the concentrator is mismatched, the data collection effect of the concentrator is not significant enough. Our after-sales department will provide a solution as soon as possible. Usually, the following troubleshooting methods are used:
(1) Timely adjustment or replacement of the concentrator module that does not match it.
(2) Upgrade and transform the current concentrator equipment, such as the downlink module in the equipment.
(3) Test and detect the concentrator. For existing fault problems, timely adjustments and optimizations should be carried out. At the same time, the internal system of the concentrator equipment should be updated and upgraded to promote the stable operation of the link between the concentrator and some master stations.
(4) Provide a professional maintenance team. Our maintenance personnel have solid theoretical knowledge and practical skills, and can quickly find the causes of equipment problems and take targeted and scientific measures to solve them, thereby eliminating the impact of various faults, greatly improving the data collection efficiency of smart meters, and providing important support and guarantee for people's safe use of electricity.
Reallin attaches great importance to improving the overall operating efficiency of smart meters and centralized meter reading systems. In the process of ensuring the operating efficiency of smart meters and centralized meter reading systems, it is necessary not only to increase the efficiency of data statistics and collection, actively carry out system upgrades and updates, but also to focus on solving and handling system failures, so that the equipment and system can quickly return to normal operation. For example, in the case of large amounts of data and the impact on transmission, the method of increasing the control strength of the master station will be used to increase the transmission speed, fully ensuring the integrity and efficiency of the link operation of the smart meter during data collection.
1.5 Quality inspection of smart meters in harsh environments
If smart meters are continuously in harsh working environments, they need to be inspected regularly to reduce the frequency of equipment failures and eliminate the adverse effects on the stable operation of power companies. Once the smart meter and the centralized meter reading system remain in an unstable state, the signal environment will change. Our system will issue a warning immediately. We will actively communicate with the power company to solve the problem of unstable signals and avoid negative effects on the overall operation of the smart meter. Intermittent failures will also occur, seriously affecting the accuracy of the meter data. When the smart meter is in a dusty environment, we will teach the cleaning staff to properly maintain the meter to reduce the impact on the operation of the smart meter.
reduce interference with the stability of the operation of the smart meter equipment, and classify and handle the interference until it is completely eliminated. In some poor working environments, the power company should be informed to increase the number of on-site inspections of the smart meter. While ensuring the operating efficiency and quality of smart meters, with the active cooperation and support of relevant operation and maintenance personnel, we must attach importance to the professional training of operation and maintenance personnel, strengthen their business capabilities and professional qualities, and at the same time rely on a sound operation and maintenance management mechanism and system to cooperate well with operation and maintenance personnel, improve the data collection speed of smart meters, and greatly reduce the probability of equipment failure.
2. Research on smart meter storage devices
As an after-sales service project of the power system, power emergency repair needs to be reported quickly, the task is completed quickly, and the repair is reported in time to ensure that the service is delivered quickly and efficiently. The repair process may involve equipment such as electric energy meters, modules, switches, etc. At present, the material turnover boxes involved are huge in size, so it is necessary to carry several material turnover boxes during the repair, which takes up space and is messy, and reduces the efficiency of the repair to a certain extent. Traditional metering storage equipment is usually bulky and not portable, which limits its application in some special scenarios. Metering assets refer to equipment used to measure, control, regulate and protect electric energy in the power system, such as electric energy meters, modules, switches, etc. We will design a lightweight, efficient and intelligent metering asset storage device to enable real-time asset management at any time and any place, provide more flexible and efficient metering asset storage solutions for power emergency repair, optimize design solutions and expand application areas, and meet the social needs of the ever-changing power emergency repair scenarios.
3. how do smart meters work
Data acquisition
The voltage and current signals of the user end are collected in real time through voltage transformers and current transformers, and converted into digital quantities through high-precision analog-to-digital converters (A/D), or the original power data is directly measured by a dedicated metering chip (such as ADE7878).
Core calculation
The central processing unit (CPU) processes the collected digital signals with algorithms such as fast Fourier transform (FFT), accurately calculates parameters such as active/reactive power, power factor, harmonic content, and supports dynamic calculation of time-of-use electricity prices and tiered electricity prices.
Data management
The result data is encrypted and stored in a non-volatile memory (EEPROM), supporting the preservation of historical data for more than 15 years, and is available for local query through LCD display or infrared communication port.
Communication transmission
The RS485 bus, power line carrier (PLC) or NB-IoT wireless module is used to encrypt and upload data to the main station system according to protocols such as DL/T 645, supporting two-way communication and remote parameter configuration.
Intelligent control
The built-in relay realizes remote opening and closing control, and realizes anti-electricity theft function through voltage and current phase angle analysis, cover opening detection, abnormal current mutation identification and other technologies. It also has practical features such as overvoltage/undervoltage protection and power outage meter reading.
By real-time monitoring of grid load changes, it provides key data support for demand-side management, line loss analysis, and new energy consumption of smart grids
